ساختارسازی امریکا در عراق و پیامدهای آن بر امنیت ملی این کشور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مطالعات سیاسی انقلاب اسلامی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول: دانشیار، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

چکیده

آمریکا همزمان با اشغال نظامی عراق، اقدام به ایجاد ساختارهایی در ابعاد چهارگانه نظامی ـ امنیتی، سیاسی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی ـ اجتماعی کرد. دیری نپایید که این اقدامات اثر خود را بر امنیت ملی عراق گذاشت. هدف از نگارش این مقاله بررسی ساختارسازی آمریکا در عراق در ابعاد چهارگانه مذکور و نقش آن بر امنیت ملی این کشور است. روش انجام این پژوهش از نوع تحلیل اسنادی بوده و گردآوری داده‌ها با ابزار فیش‌برداری کتابخانه‌ای و ازطریق مطالعه کتب، نشریات تخصصی، مقالات اینترنتی، پایان‌نامه‌های دانشجویی و پژوهش‌ها و گزارش‌های ارگان‌های رسمی جمهوری اسلامی ایران پیرامون این موضوع است.
یافته‌های این پژوهش بیانگر آن است که آمریکا با ایجاد ساختارهای مؤثر در عراق، نفوذ خود را در این کشور نهادینه و تعمیق سازد و مسیری ایجاد نماید تا استقلال و امنیتی ملی عراق در رهان و گرو تأمین منافع آمریکا قرار گیرد. در این راستا در بعد نظامی ـ امنیتی، آمریکا اقدام به تأسیس نهادهایی چون پلیس و ارتش عراق، وزارت دفاع، نیروهای مرزبانی و نیروی دفاع مدنی عراق کرد. در بُعد سیاسی، تشکیل شورای حکومت انتقالی، ایجاد شوراهای استانی و کمیساریای عالی مستقل انتخابات توسط آمریکا ایجاد شد. این در‌حالی است که در بعد اقتصادی، ساختارسازی در حوزه انرژی، ایجاد صندوق توسعه عراق، احیای بانک مرکزی و تأسیس بانک تجارت عراق ازجمله نهادهای اقتصادی ایجادشده توسط آمریکا هستند. مهم‌ترین نهادی که آمریکا در بعد فرهنگی ـ اجتماعی در عراق ایجاد نمود، ساختارهای مبتنی بر جامعه مدنی به‌ویژه سمن‌هاست.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Structure Building of the United States in Iraq and Its Role in the National Security of Iraq

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Reza Jafari Harandi 1
  • Abbas Keshavarz Shekari 2
  • Shohreh Pirani 3
1 PH.D Candidate in Political Studies of the Islamic Republic, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Political Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, , Department of Political Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Simultaneously with the military occupation of Iraq, the United States established structures in four dimensions: military-security, political, economic and cultural-social. It did not take long for these measures to have an impact on the national security of Iraq. The purpose of the present research is to examine the structure of the United States in Iraq in the four dimensions mentioned and its role on the national security of this country. The method of this research is documentary analysis and data collection is done with the help of library filing tools and by reading books, specialized journals, online articles, student dissertations, and researches and reports of official bodies of the Islamic Republic of Iran on this subject. The findings of this study indicate that the United States, by creating effective structures in Iraq, will institutionalize and deepen its influence in this country and create a way for the independence and national security of Iraq to be held hostage to US interests. In this regard, in the military-security dimension, the United States established institutions such as the Iraqi police and army, the Ministry of Defense, the Iraqi Border Forces and the Iraqi Civil Defense Force. Politically, the United States created the Transitional Government Council, the Provincial Councils, and the Independent High Electoral Commission. In the economic dimension, energy structure, the creation of the Iraqi Development Fund, the revival of the Central Bank and the establishment of the Commercial Bank of Iraq are among the economic institutions created by the United States. The most important socio-cultural institution that the United States established in Iraq is civil society-based structures, especially the Samanids.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Structure Building
  • National Security
  • United States of America
  • Iraq

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