Security Horizons

Security Horizons

An Analysis of Branding and Perception Management Strategies within the Post-Territorial Media Logic of ISIS

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Department of Media Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Farabi College Campuses, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran
2 Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
The 2019 territorial collapse of the Islamic State (ISIS) marked a strategic adaptation rather than a definitive defeat and initiated a post-territorial era. This study examines how ISIS transitioned from a physical state-building paradigm to a decentralized global media franchise. The objective is to elucidate how the organization leverages its digital infrastructure to transform material defeat into symbolic capital, utilizing online engagement as a form of platform jihad. Employing a qualitative approach grounded in Political Communication and Critical Discourse Studies, the research analyzes primary official media. This includes the Al-Hayat foundation documentary Min al-Dakhil 8 and Al-Naba newsletters. The analysis reveals three key transformations: a hub-and-spoke franchise model where central leadership provides ideological branding while regional provinces supply violent content; a Theology of Sufficiency that reframes military loss as a divine test and portrays logistical poverty as a spiritual asset; and the elevation of ordinary supporters (Munasers) to active stakeholders for whom translating and distributing content act as identity-forming religious rituals. Therefore, the media output of the group no longer merely represents the battlefield. It constitutes the actual territory and functions as a digital shadow state. Effective counter-terrorism must transcend kinetic military operations to dismantle this discursive ecosystem and its cloud archives. Future research should prioritize the digital ethnography of extremist audiences, the impact of artificial intelligence on terror franchising, and comparative studies with far-right movements.
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Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 20 September 2026

  • Receive Date 22 February 2026
  • Accept Date 20 September 2026
  • Publish Date 20 September 2026