چکیده ویرایش‌شده (245 واژه):



With the growing dependence of the Islamic Republic of Iran on digital infrastructures and the rise of targeted attacks against critical sectors, the primary challenge in criminal policy lies in the mismatch between the transnational nature of cybercrime and the traditional frameworks of criminal jurisdiction. This gap, intensified by the complexity of cyber geopolitics, necessitates a fundamental revision of Iran’s legal and institutional foundations. This study aims to design an integrated framework to enhance the effectiveness of Iran’s extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction in cyberspace. Employing a descriptive–analytical method and a comparative approach, the research examines domestic regulations alongside international instruments such as the Budapest Convention. The findings reveal that the core issue is not merely the absence of legislation, but rather the lack of coherence among Iran’s legislative system, institutional structure, and technological capacity. Challenges such as jurisdictional ambiguity in borderless cyberspace, legal conflicts, procedural fragmentation, and instability of electronic evidence have limited the enforceability of laws. The final analysis confirms that effective extraterritorial jurisdiction requires a balanced integration of legal, institutional, and technological dimensions. Achieving this goal demands simultaneous reforms across four levels: legislative , institutional (establishment of a National Cyber Justice Council and a Digital Evidence Bank), technological (localization of digital forensics), and diplomatic (bilateral and multilateral cyber agreements). Implementing this integrated policy package could consolidate Iran’s position within the global cyber justice system and sustainably enhance its national deterrence capacity.



**Keywords:** Extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction; cyber geopolitics; electronic evidence; cyber diplomacy.