Adopting an offensive approach to intelligence is one of the issues that has not received much attention in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This should be taken seriously, especially regarding the Hybrid war against Iran at hard and soft power, as well as in various security, economic, military and diplomatic fields. Due to the necessity of this issue, in this research, an offensive approach to intelligence has been tried from the perspective of strategic deception. In this regard, a definition of offensive approach has been tried first. Then, according to the literature on deception, a strategic deception model with an offensive Intelligence approach has be formulated. In the next step, to increase the validity of the final Pattern, this model is submitted to the opinion of elites to measure its validity and reliability. These elites included people who had scientific or practical experience of working in the country's foreign policy in various agencies. In the end, the components that had a stronger evaluation formed the final model.
Kiani, E., Tajik, H., & Firouzkouhi, M. (2025). Validation of the strategic deception model with Offensive Approach to Intelligence. Security Horizons, 18(68), -.
MLA
Ehsan Kiani; Hadi Tajik; Mehdi Firouzkouhi. "Validation of the strategic deception model with Offensive Approach to Intelligence", Security Horizons, 18, 68, 2025, -.
HARVARD
Kiani, E., Tajik, H., Firouzkouhi, M. (2025). 'Validation of the strategic deception model with Offensive Approach to Intelligence', Security Horizons, 18(68), pp. -.
VANCOUVER
Kiani, E., Tajik, H., Firouzkouhi, M. Validation of the strategic deception model with Offensive Approach to Intelligence. Security Horizons, 2025; 18(68): -.
)